18 cities
| City | Rank | 2025 Pop. ↓ | 2020 Pop. | Annual Change | Density | Area (mi²) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fulton | 1 | 12,563 | 12,602 | -0.08% | 1,019 | 12 | City |
| Fulton | 2 | 12,563 | 12,611 | -0.08% | 1,019 | 12 | City |
| Holts Summit | 3 | 4,770 | 4,457 | 1.19% | 1,287 | 4 | City |
| Holts Summit | 4 | 4,770 | 4,487 | 1.19% | 1,287 | 4 | City |
| Wardsville | 5 | 1,672 | 1,611 | 0.66% | 482 | 3 | Village |
| Wardsville | 6 | 1,672 | 1,615 | 0.66% | 482 | 3 | Village |
| Taos | 7 | 1,182 | 1,142 | 0.6% | 184 | 6 | City |
| Taos | 8 | 1,182 | 1,144 | 0.6% | 184 | 6 | City |
| Auxvasse | 9 | 1,027 | 1,005 | 0.39% | 1,360 | 1 | City |
| Auxvasse | 10 | 1,027 | 1,005 | 0.39% | 1,360 | 1 | City |
| New Bloomfield | 11 | 758 | 686 | 1.88% | 479 | 2 | City |
| New Bloomfield | 12 | 758 | 686 | 1.88% | 479 | 2 | City |
| Tebbetts | 13 | 502 | 79 | 7.04% | 772 | 1 | CDP |
| Mokane | 14 | 187 | 186 | 0% | 638 | 0 | City |
| Mokane | 15 | 187 | 186 | 0% | 638 | 0 | City |
| Kingdom City | 16 | 136 | 131 | 0.74% | 70 | 2 | Village |
| Kingdom City | 17 | 136 | 131 | 0.74% | 70 | 2 | Village |
| Buell | 18 | 30 | 30 | 7.14% | 341 | 0 | CDP |
Fulton is the largest city in Callaway County, with a population of 12,563.
Buell is the smallest city in Callaway County, with a population of 30.
There are 18 cities in Callaway County, Missouri.