15 cities
| City | Rank | 2025 Pop. ↓ | 2020 Pop. | Annual Change | Density | Area (mi²) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jefferson City | 1 | 42,573 | 43,237 | 0.02% | 1,181 | 36 | City |
| Jefferson City | 2 | 42,573 | 42,528 | 0.02% | 1,181 | 36 | City |
| St. Martins | 3 | 1,234 | 1,192 | 0.65% | 637 | 2 | City |
| St. Martins | 4 | 1,234 | 1,194 | 0.65% | 637 | 2 | City |
| Russellville | 5 | 802 | 777 | 0.5% | 921 | 1 | City |
| Russellville | 6 | 802 | 779 | 0.5% | 921 | 1 | City |
| Centertown | 7 | 294 | 284 | 0.68% | 310 | 1 | Town |
| Centertown | 8 | 294 | 284 | 0.68% | 310 | 1 | Town |
| St. Thomas | 9 | 227 | 220 | 0.44% | 232 | 1 | Town |
| St. Thomas | 10 | 227 | 220 | 0.44% | 232 | 1 | Town |
| Eugene | 11 | 179 | 203 | 7.19% | 536 | 0 | CDP |
| Lohman | 12 | 178 | 173 | 0.56% | 494 | 0 | City |
| Lohman | 13 | 178 | 173 | 0.56% | 494 | 0 | City |
| Eugene | 14 | 142 | 142 | 0.71% | 3 | 50 | Township |
| Eugene | 15 | 142 | 142 | 0.71% | 3 | 50 | Township |
Jefferson City is the largest city in Cole County, with a population of 42,573.
Eugene is the smallest city in Cole County, with a population of 142.
There are 15 cities in Cole County, Missouri.