Quebec Flag

Quebec

Country:
Canada
Capital:
Quebec City
Type:
Province
Largest Cities:
Montréal, Québec City, Laval

Quebec is one of 13 provinces and territories of Canada located in the east-central region of the country. It is second-most populous province, largest by area, distinct French-speaking culture , with an economy based on aerospace, technology, natural resources.

9,030,684
Total Population
1,542,056
Area (km²)
5.86/km²
Density
216.7K 246%
Annual Growth

Quebec Population 2025

Quebec Information

Quebec is a province located in east-central Canada. Quebec is the largest province in Canada in terms of area and the second-largest administrative division after Nunavut. The province is bordered by Ontario, James Bay and Hudson Bay to the west, Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay to the north, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the provinces of New Brunswick and Newfoundland and Labrador to the east. It also shares a border with the U.S. states New York, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine and maritime borders with Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Nunavut.

Climate Variations

Quebec has a varied climate based on its geography:

 • Northern Region

Subarctic climate with long, harsh winters and shorter, cooler summers.

 • Southern Region

Milder climate, particularly in coastal areas, with moderate temperatures.

 • Great Lakes Effect

Areas near the Great Lakes experience milder winters and more precipitation due to lake-effect snow and moisture.

Major Industries

Manufacturing

Major aerospace manufacturing hub, home to Bombardier and numerous aviation companies.

Natural Resources

Vast hydroelectric power generation, forestry, and mining operations including iron ore and gold.

Financial Services & Technology

Growing tech sector in Montreal, particularly in AI, gaming, and multimedia production.

Agriculture

Leading producer of dairy products and maple syrup, with significant crop farming in the St. Lawrence Valley.

Key Facts

  • Population density: 5.9 people per square kilometer
  • Represents approximately 23.6% of Canada's total population
  • Capital city: Quebec City

Quebec Demographics

Population by Age

85+80-8475-7970-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4050K100K150K200K250K300K350K400K450K500K550K600K650K

Average Age

42 years

Median Age

43 years

Gender Distribution

Female (50.6%)

Male (49.4%)

Racial and Ethnic Composition

The 2021 census found the racial and ethnic composition of Quebec was:

White (74.8%)

Black (4.8%)

Arab (3.2%)

Latin American (2.9%)

Chinese (2.7%)

South Asian (2.6%)

Southeast Asian (2.1%)

Indigenous (2.3%)

Filipino (1.2%)

Other (3.4%)

Spoken Language

French (77.5%)

English (13.0%)

Other (9.5%)

Household Income Distribution

<15k15k-25k25k-35k35k-50k50k-75k75k-100k100k-150k150k-200k>200k0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%18%20%

Average Household Income

$76,800

Median Household Income

$68,900

Poverty Rate

10.9%

Quebec History

Pre-1600s

Home to Indigenous peoples including the Algonquin, Iroquois, Huron, and Innu for thousands of years before European contact.

1608

Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec City, establishing the first permanent French settlement in North America.

1759-1760

The British conquered New France during the Seven Years' War, culminating in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.

1774

The Quebec Act preserved French civil law and recognized the Catholic Church, helping shape Quebec's distinct cultural identity.

1837-1838

The Lower Canada Rebellion (Patriotes Rebellion) against British colonial rule reflected growing French-Canadian nationalism.

1960s

The Quiet Revolution transformed Quebec from a rural society dominated by the Catholic Church into a modern secular state with strong nationalist sentiments.