Maine Cities by Population 2025

Maine’s municipal structure is unique, with 16 counties and around 450 incorporated municipalities, as well as numerous townships that lack formal government. Counties provide regional services like law enforcement, emergency management, and public health, especially in unorganized territories where local governments are absent.

Cumberland County, which includes Portland, serves as a prime example of Maine‘s county governance structure. While the city of Portland operates under a council-manager system with a city manager handling daily administration, Cumberland County manages services for surrounding unincorporated areas, like public safety and infrastructure, ensuring rural areas receive essential services.

Maine’s smaller towns, such as Brunswick or Lewiston, often use a town meeting form of government, where residents participate directly in legislative decisions, a form rooted in New England traditions. In these towns, a board of selectmen typically administers daily functions, with citizen engagement playing a major role in policy formation.

Counties like Aroostook County and Washington County govern vast rural territories, focusing on services like law enforcement and land use in areas where formal municipalities are sparse. Unorganized territories, or UTs, are a unique feature in Maine, where residents rely on county-level governance for essential services, as these areas lack any municipal government.

Maine’s extensive unorganized territories are overseen by county administrations or by the state, which provides services in remote areas. In such regions, known for their low population density, county or state agencies manage law enforcement, zoning, and emergency response, ensuring essential services reach even the most remote communities.

Regional councils work with Maine‘s counties and municipalities on land use, economic growth, and environmental initiatives, supporting comprehensive planning and sustainable development across the state’s diverse communities.